Room 101 Creative Writing Coursework - 3492 Words

Room 101 As he sat stiff backed and upright in the hard wooden chair, Jotham looked around anxiously. He could only see three of the walls, and the ceiling, if he craned his neck upwards, but that was enough to make him very uneasy indeed. They were grey and bare - not silver grey, but a horrible murky grey, that made it seem like everything was closing in on him. The room was rectangular; not at all wide; there was perhaps a metre between him and the nearer two walls, but it was extremely lengthy; probably about fifteen metres long. On the wall facing him, Jotham could see a shiny black surface, a bit like a switched off television screen. He wasnt sure why, but for some reason it made him feel exceedingly edgy, and he kept shooting†¦show more content†¦It must have been his attentiveness to the noises of the guards and man approaching. The mysterious figure clicked his fingers and one of the guards entered the room with a jug of water and a glass, and then went and stood to attention by the door. It was strange, Jotham contemplated, that if he had had to choose between being interrogated by the strange man or the guard, he would probably have chosen the latter. This man was different. When he had first come into the room, the air had seemed to get colder very rapidly. The man poured some water and held the glass to Jothams lips. Jotham drank eagerly. When the glass was empty, it was taken away and given to the guard, who, after a salute to the man, turned on the heel of his brightly polished boot and exited, closing the door behind him. Who, who are you? he stuttered, able to speak again. My name, replied the man in his gravely tones, is John Winters. Ive never heard of you, Jotham puzzled - all of the main interrogators were feared and their names well known to all. You have. You hear of me every day, every hour, every minute. You hear of me when the sun rises in the morning and when it sets again at night. I am the most important and powerful man in this whole world! No, Jotham whispered. I dont believe you. Youre not- Big Brother! shouted Winters. I am Big Brother! He had gone mad, Jotham reflected. This man was crazy. Youre mad! And crazy yelled Jotham, voicing hisShow MoreRelatedInsight to Coach Carter Film7710 Words   |  31 Pages† as well as â€Å"Boston Public,† â€Å"Touched by an Angel,† â€Å"My Wife and Kids,† â€Å"Nash Bridges,† â€Å"The Jamie Foxx Show† and the made-for-television movie â€Å"Feast of All Saints,† written by Anne Rice. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Ri’chard is completing coursework at Loyola Marymount University. ROB BROWN (Kenyan) attended an extras casting for Gus Van Sant’s â€Å"Finding Forrester† and landed the lead role opposite Sean Connery, Anna Paquin and F. Murray Abraham. 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Harvard Business School. 1. Sullivan, Lauren. II. Harbus. III. Title: Sixty...five successful Harvard Business School application essays. HF1131.A1352009 808.06665-dc22 2009012531 First Edition: August 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Read MoreHigh School Student Essay20272 Words   |  82 Pageson using and sustaining the first language. For example, in one bilingual program in Houston, students ini- Table 3.1 Different Programs for ELL Students Type of Program Maintenance Description First language maintained through reading and writing activities in first language while English introduced. Students learn to read in first language and are given supplementary instruction in English as a second language. 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Changing Values and Political Styles †Free Sample to Students

Question: Discuss about the Changing Values and Political Styles. Answer: Introduction The global marketplace is a throw of consumerism weaved with culture and ethics. At the current millenarian threshold that we stand at, organizations are struggling to move over from local markets to more of a g-local market. With suited alterations and customizations as per market and demands of people from various geographical locations, wherever their products hit, it should be functional (Lefkowitz, J. 2017). This is because superficially as well as at a deep level; mostly, business transactions are always affected by culture and their related obviousness. Factors such as product, price, promotion and places are factored only as per the cultural differences existing at a different location. It has hence become vital to marketers management from West and from East, from North and from South, to evaluate carefully the expectations of counterparts from around the world as otherwise, it shall lead to failure (Whelan, Y. 2016). Culture mostly imitates the ethical values as well as ethical standards of conduct arrays in people for self and socializing. It shows us the viewpoint, ethics, approach, practices and societal ambitions in a faction, association or even civilization. Often culture inspires morality in different societies and helps them determine right and wrong. It has been mentioned by different researchers and scholars that often elucidations of reality as we know it is influenced by individual culture. Culture influences ethics unlike a misconception of taking both as same things. Culture commends a correct and acceptable conduct which provide life meaning and instills sense of triumph, belongingness, truthfulness etc. other normative beliefs which create a nous of direction and mechanism on life. This is the juncture where culture meets ethics. What might be correct or ethical to one group or society may not be for other. Hence, there is no singular truth to base ethics on. Ethics are largely in fluenced by the environment or culture we were provided. Ethical differences remain between people from people different sections of society and across world. This report shall largely discuss ethics in major few continents and show how the ethical differences influence behavior among people both at a societal level, individual level and in business dealings. There shall also be an attempt to understand the origin of ethics being followed by two different cultures. Ethical values are largely instilled by parenting, socializing, faith and edification. It could as well be influenced by laws in country, acceptable people management systems, organizational culture, professional code of conducts and professional cultures existent in organizations in a country (Deresky, 2017). The report shall not discuss what is unethical or intends to condemn behavior, rather; it is an attempt to bring about awareness and find an acceptable means to sensitize self or any interested party to help manage those differences. To start with, in one of the sections, the report shall outline value systems across Asia, Europe, Northern America, Africa and Latin America. Then, the report shall deal with differences and similarities in value systems between discussed nations. In the last section, report shall discuss the types of ethical conflicts that arise. Here example of USA and Asia (China) shall be discussed to understand the origins of differences. This shall be followed by conclusion where the report shall summarize the report highlighting limitations to accepting ethical differences which would have been outlined by then. Value Systems across the Globe a comparison In this section of the report, there shall be spotlight on value systems at a global level. Specifically, we shall pay attention to value systems existent in Europe, Asia, Latin America, South America as well as Africa. Thereafter, the section shall focus on comparing them. Following dictum of descriptive moral relativism, the research allowed consultations from varied sources. A value system could be explained as a method of theorizing realism plus involves a coherent bunch of principles, philosophies, parallel actions existent in people, organizations and society in general (Menkel-Meadow PorterLove, 2014). They could exist in any group kind or size (Inglehart, R., 2015). The report shall however, focus on value systems that live in a nation considering it as the group with members sharing values. In order to build it on a reliable platform the data used for deriving the characteristics of value system is World Values Survey, the waves of 1996, 2008 and 2015. The Inglehart Welzel cultural map, essentially a scatter plot map showing comparison of values across clusters. The repetition of the survey indicates its likelihood to follow value system changes in relation to different regions and countries. The X-axis notes the survival values Vs the self-expression values. The Y-Axis tracks traditional Vs secular-rational values. Individualism/Self-expression is a bunch of values (Dalton Welzel, 2014). It comprises of values such as acceptance, independence/ambition to right, communal illustration and life gratification. Whereas, survival values point more towards the fight for existence. A high score in survival values show fiscal sanctuary and material security which is linked to low levels of confidence and acceptance. High score in self-expression honours acceptance, contributes at a societal level in judgement making and equivalence. High score in traditional values are associated with household values and architypes, masculine societies, sex roles etc. that pass tradionally from generations. A tall score in secular-rational values shows morals which do not consider the stated values at all. Let us now look at individual value systems for some continents. Europe is used to signify to the landform occupying the western headland of Eurasian continent. According to the Inglehart Welzel map of culture, Europe has diverse value systems related to religion as well as moral values. The protestant region of Europe tends to have quite tall scores of self-expression values as well as secular lucid values. Catholic region displays these values at moderate level. Europe could also be separated into ex-communist and other countries. Marxism affects the value system in people to a large extent (Onyshkevych and Rewakowicz, 2014). The part of Europe which speaks mostly English, has a separate value system all together. They display increased self-expression and much decreased levels of secular-rational values. With the European enlightenment, a transition from traditional values to secular-rational values came about. This resulted in idea of social rights. Hence in European value system, there is importance of human self-esteem to a large extent. So me of the shared European values present and favoured are righteousness, harmony, equality, self-worth, voter's rights, independence and sustainability (Beetham Lord, 2014). Value System in Africa Africa is a giant continent with over 3000 ethnic groups and there is no one culture or society. There are so many languages existent such as English, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and more than 1000indigenous ones as well. Some distinction could however be drawn between regions north of Sahara and sub-Saharan Africa. To the north of Sahara exist mostly Arab countries linked to the basin of Mediterranean Sea and until the European exploration in 15th and 16th centuries, the region south of Sahara had their own traditions. According to Inglehart Welzel cultural map, Africa scores high on countries tilting towards solid traditional and survival values and frail secular-rational and self-expression values. This shows that religion is significant in Africa and of late, Africas civilization was extended by Euro-Christian and Islamic influences despite having roots in traditional religion. Africa could be categorized as a nation which is compassionate, societal and duty-ori ented. Social welfare, securities and essentials is intrinsic to their value system. Latin America refers to Central America, Mexico and South America. As per the Inglehart Welzel cultural map, Latin America shows a small score point in secular-rational and survival values. That makes their traditional values similar to Africa and self-expression values similar to European cultures. Religion dominates Latin American societies, specially Catholicism. Support for democracy is high but there is also relative high support for authoritarianism as well. Latin Americans have a taste for high prestige within order which signifies distance between their subordinates and them. The average education levels instil fear of people in higher posts representing authority. People also do not believe in equal distribution of wealth, do not believe that Government works for welfare of people, do not believe in gender equality. Crime, corruption, unemployment is all rampant. Value System in North America North America comprises of USA, Canada, Bermuda, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, however for the study Canada and USA have been considered. As per the Inglehart Welzel cultural map, North America scores quite high on self-expression values. It is temperately associated between Traditional and Secular- rational values Christianity is leading faith. Their political system is federal democratic (Nevitte, N. 2017). They rank quite high in the Human Development Index as well. They represent quite stable democracies. Canada holds values of collectivism and USA that of individuality, moralism and acquisitiveness. USA scores high in values of independence, people values, honour, conscience, security as well as safety and regard. Asia is used to refer to the Eastern landmass of Eurasian continent. According to the Inglehart Welzel cultural map, there is a division of various regional based value systems in Asia. North-Eastern part follows Confucian value system. They value self-cultivation, righteousness, ethics, edification and eventual character building, organic harmony and importance of family. South Asia on the other hand scores high on Traditional values. The major character of this region is that the people in these regions are highly religious. (Cheng et al. 2016.11(3), pp.8-13) Differences and Similarities in Value Systems The purpose of this section is to inspect both the similarities as well as the differences between the value systems discussed in section 1. This is to help understand the ways the differences could be influencing practices at both national and local level in valuation of ethics. We shall quickly encapsulate the noteworthy outcomes from previous section. Framework of descriptive moral relativism has been used for this analysis and the basis has been made the World Cultural Survey by Inglehart Welzel Cultural maps of three research waves. The research waves of 1996, 2008 and 2015. It was found out that value system of Europe at a regional level had two personalities. Initially, by a tendency towards Europeanism, which shows a cumulative figure of people in Europe who trust that Europeans share definite standards (not essentially involve that they really do!). Furthermore, it is subdivided through materialistic (e.g., financial) to post-materialistic (e.g., ecological) values; which however frequently clash. A further comprehensive investigation of the European value system, the ensuing chief verdicts stemmed from the enquiry: Commercial plus administrative modifications might intensely effect the value system management of a nation or any locality In modern times, the important historical cultural places within Europe could be as follows. The Northern European countries who have extensively greedy and democrat values. The Western countries in Europe, where it is safe to say that monetary as well as reasonable values govern. That is a good bit of change from pre materialistic to post materialistic ethos. To the southern side of Europe, patriarchal and customary values are very rampant. Within Central Europe, though, those who have adopted the marketplace economy are well leaning towards western European side ethos. Places post waves of communalism follow a value system that quite curiously display traits of self-dependency, all for favour for Maoist era ethics. They have quite more communalistic and despotic beliefs pointing fingers to presence of fraud and political turmoil. Along with Europe, value systems prevalent in other countries were also studied and researched. The value system present in Africa, is largely community centric and centred around fulfilment of responsibilities more than being based on rights. The cultural gap looking start at face, in Africa, is between the Catholic South with Islamic North. Although values lean and swing towards personal values, sex and administrative impartiality, dictatorial rule is preferred, nevertheless still at present, by some of the ethnic people and equality between men and women is not commonly reinforced. Part of America, with Spanish and Portuguese influences, comprises of an equally logical cultural neighbourhood. Here, people believe in expressing self, are quite old-fashioned about their values. Also, the backing of independent ideals is lesser known, as is the support of the issues like gender-equality. The value system prevalent in northern regions of America could be segregated as people highly self-expressive but, also having generous dosage of old-school and secular-rational values in them. Most markedly, USA, evidently, displays of its people being quite individualist and at the same time containing traditional and new modern values as well. In Asia, value system is very different. Their ethos are generally represented by two main groups: those who follow Confucian culture who primarily are more towards Eastern China They display secular-rational values more than self-expressing at times. The presence of religious countries in the Southern section of China that show traditional values best. Both the regions have strong value structures that are further centred around responsibilities than depending on rights. Managing Ethical Conflicts (USA and China) In a business environment, managers rely on clarity to act and make decisions. Often at a workplace a list of dos and donts is listed out for any employee to understand what is culturally acceptable and what is ethically unacceptable in an organization. This, forms the very foundation of self-conduct in business. The situation however changes when a business dealing needs to take place between two culturally different clients. Over here, we shall discuss the case between USA and China work ethics-the things that are acceptable and unacceptable. In China, people believe in upholding accord. They prefer keeping a long-term view in mind, anything sudden and substantial is considered as troublesome. Americans on the other hand believe in competence and success. They have a logical reasoning behind their actions and usually stems from facts and they are outright straight about them. For people from China, human relationships are sacred and they believe in creating the right guanxi or connection. They believe in group work to achieve their goals, primarily because earlier due to agricultural work, communities used to work closely together. Individualism is hence not considered important. In American culture, however, individualism and privacy are important, they are a way of life. Also, to them, business relationships are separate from personal relationships. This is because business relationships have to adhere to contracts. Americans are open and easy to make friends with but this is only at a superficial level. Chinese believe relationships are a commitment and matter of life time. Hence, they are not quick to make friends or associate Chinese people do not like open confrontation and are very subtle in their approach even if there is a disagreement. They do not question directly and openly as they think that is rude. Frankness is very much a part of American ethics. They like to openly express their feelings and will not even stop from outright pointing out someones elses fault. The Chinese on the other hand attempt to save face of others even in adverse situations and they would like the same for themselves. While they revere silence, and understand that more talking could lead to more mistakes, Americans on the other hand, tend to talk and think silence as awkward. They even think of it as a difficult negotiation tool used by Asians. Also, Americans exaggerate and think it is normal. Eloquence as well as gift of gab is considered admirable. Chinese language though expressive and quite colourful still, negate eloquence. Chinese do not like exaggeration and give preference to subtleness and inner beauty. As mentioned Chinese are pragmatic but prefer actions that are not disruptive, the Americans are solution oriented and could go for means that may be original, disruptive or even avant-garde. When talking about physical space, Westerners consider handshake as a common practice. It stems from the fact that they extend their friendship weapon less since mostly weapons used to be held in right hand itself in previous times. Chinese, on the other hand do not prefer touching. They would even avoid direct eye contact out of respect for private space. Americans on the other hand consider eye contact as a signal of confidence and bankable trust. Conclusion As the report tells us, through the course of time, evolution of culture happened and which formed eventually the basis of todays society. What the civilization went through earlier times have largely helped shaped the ethics and value systems in the present society across regions. The variances and resemblances help influencing practices at national, regional and local level. The study conducted under Inglehart Welzel culture mapping has in fact been successful to also point out that there are no major differences that could hinder harmony among people of different regions from different backgrounds. The value system studied under Inglehart Welzel culture map also helps us categorize different countries discussed namely, Latin America, Northern America, Asia, Africa and Europe. It points out that Latin America thrives on corruption, fraud and people still do not believe in or foster ideas of gender equality, good education etc. Status and wealth accumulation still tops the agenda of people in administrative positions. The Government has not been very effective in laying reforms. Whereas, North America has been very progressive and the feeling of freedom, security, self-esteem etc. is very strong. In region like Africa, value systems of family, groupism is strong and there has largely been influenced by recent religion waves. Asia on the other hand has a mix of Confucian and religious backgrounds both giving it a very value centric ethical system in society. Europe is also a big mix but people are mostly progressive and liberal. We have also discussed differences in business ethics of USA and China and saw how the cultural systems and evolution of civilization have shaped business dealings. It also helped point out that understanding and acceptance of differences in culture could be helpful in avoiding issues involving money and prevent failure. References Deresky, H., 2017. International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Onyshkevych, L.M.Z. and Rewakowicz, M.G., 2014.Contemporary Ukraine on the cultural map of Europe. Routledge. Whelan, Y., 2016.Heritage, memory and the politics of identity: New perspectives on the cultural landscape. Routledge. Dalton, R.J. and Welzel, C. eds., 2014.The civic culture transformed: From allegiant to assertive citizens. Cambridge University Press. Inglehart, R., 2015.The silent revolution: Changing values and political styles among Western publics. Princeton University Press. Beetham, D. and Lord, C., 2014.Legitimacy and the European union. Routledge. Nevitte, N., 2017.The North American Trajectory: Cultural, Economic, and Political Ties among the United States, Canada and Mexico. Routledge. Lefkowitz, J., 2017.Ethics and values in industrial-organizational psychology. Taylor Francis. Menkel-Meadow, C.J. and Porter-Love, L., 2014.Mediation: Practice, policy, and ethics. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Cheng, R., Yau, A.H.M. and Ho, S.C., 2016. What does the Inglehart-Welzel cultural map tell us about the freedom of Hong Kong.Southeast Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law,11(3), pp.8-15.

The Road To Freedom free essay sample

Having been born in Communist Poland, I have come to infinitely value my freedom and opportunities in America although attaining them was neither easy nor without pain. When I was seven years old, my parents made a brave decision. They risked never seeing the things and people that were dear to their hearts their families, their friends, and their home so that I could have a chance for a future. Many times the journey to freedom almost crushed both our hearts and souls in its mighty grip, yet the three of us never gave up. At times all we had to eat was some bread and a small jar of jam which we bought with the few pennies that I had earned catering to an old, overweight man who petrified me. Yet the fear of starvation scared me more. We even risked our lives on a false route to freedom; we would, in all likelihood, have died had not the Yugoslavian border police caught us. We will write a custom essay sample on The Road To Freedom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Later we learned that only two people had ever made it by that false route. Eventually, through our persistence and the strength of our iron-clad hearts, we gained political asylum and our freedom here in the United States. We never gave up, and now our dreams are partially realized. My mother is attending the New England College of Optometry where her success is twice that of most students half her age, and my father is a very successful physical therapist. Now, with that same determination and iron-clad heart, I want to use every bit of the freedom and opportunity that my parents so nobly won for me.

Explore the Sombrero Galaxy

Explore the Sombrero Galaxy Way out in the direction of the constellation Virgo, some 31 million light-years from Earth, astronomers have found a most unlikely looking galaxy that is hiding a supermassive black hole at its heart. Its technical name is M104, but most people refer to it by its nickname: the Sombrero Galaxy. Through a small telescope, this distant stellar city does look a bit like a big Mexican hat. The Sombrero is incredibly massive, containing the equivalent of 800 million times the mass of the Sun, plus a collection of globular clusters, and a broad ring of gas and dust. Not only is this galaxy huge, but its also speeding away from us at a rate of a thousand kilometers per second (about 621 miles per second). Thats very fast! What is That Galaxy? At first, astronomers thought the Sombrero might be an elliptical-type galaxy with another flat galaxy embedded within it. This is because it did look more elliptical than flat. However, a closer look revealed that the puffy shape is caused by a spherical halo of stars around the central area. It also has that huge dust lane that contains starbirth regions. So, its most likely a very tightly wound spiral galaxy, the same type of galaxy as the Milky Way. How did it get that way? Theres a good chance that multiple collisions with other galaxies (and a merger or two), have changed what may have been a spiral galaxy into a more complex galactic beast. Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope have revealed a lot of detail in this object, and theres a lot more to learn! Checking Out the Dust Ring The dust ring that sits out in the brim of the Sombrero is very intriguing. It glows in infrared light and contains most of the star-forming material of the galaxy - such materials as hydrogen gas and dust. It completely encircles the central core of the galaxy, and appears pretty wide. When astronomers looked at the ring with the Spitzer Space Telescope, it appeared very bright in infrared light. Thats a good indication that the ring is the central starbirth region of the galaxy. Whats Hiding in the Nucleus of the Sombrero? Many galaxies have supermassive black holes at their hearts, and the Sombrero is no exception. Its black hole has more than a billion times the mass of the Sun, all packed away into a tiny region. It appears to be an active black hole, eating up material that happens to cross its path. The region around the black hole emits a tremendous amount of x-ray and radio waves. The region extending out from the core does emit some weak infrared radiation, which could be traced back to heating activity fostered by the presence of the black hole. Interestingly, the core of the galaxy does appear to have a number of globular clusters swarming around in tight orbits. There may be as many as 2,000 of these very old groupings of stars orbiting the core, and may be related in some way to the very large size of the galactic bulge that houses the black hole. Where is the Sombrero? While astronomers know the general location of the Sombrero Galaxy, its exact distance was only recently determined. It seems to be about around 31 million light-years away. It does not travel the universe by itself, but does appear to have a dwarf galaxy companion. Astronomers are not quite sure if the Sombrero is actually part of a grouping of galaxies called the Virgo Cluster, or may be a member of a smaller associated group of galaxies. Want to Observe the Sombrero? The Sombrero Galaxy is a favorite target for amateur stargazers. It takes a little doing to find it, and it does require a good backyard-type scope to view this galaxy. A good star chart shows where the galaxy is (in the constellation Virgo), halfway between Virgos star Spica and the tiny constellation of Corvus the Crow. Practice star-hopping to the galaxy and then settle in for a good long look! And, youll be following in a long line of amateurs who have checked out the Sombrero. It was discovered by an amateur in the 1700s, a guy by the name of Charles Messier, who compiled a list of faint, fuzzy objects that we now know are clusters, nebulae, and galaxies.

Wireless Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wireless Communication - Essay Example Since for full mesh network topology every node must has a circuit connecting it to every other node in a network hence it is a very expensive to implement. Ring Topology In ring topology all devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it. Advantages and Disadvantages Ring topologies are relatively expensive and difficult to install, but they offer high bandwidth and can span over large distances. Ethernet A most widely implemented local-area network (LAN) architecture developed by Xerox Corporation in cooperation with DEC and Intel in 1976 is termed as Ethernet. It uses a bus or star topology (as shown in fig. 1) and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. A newer version of Ethernet called 100Base-T supports data transfer rates of 100 Mbps while the latest version, Gigabit Ethernet has data transfer rates of 1 gigabit (1,000 megabits) per second. The Ethernet specification served as the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard, which specifies the physical and lower software layers. Ethernet uses the Carrier Sense with Multiple Accesses with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) access method to handle simultaneous demands.

Punishment and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Punishment and Society - Essay Example 108). According to Wendy (2005, p. 108), these authors vary in their focus on particular elements, there is a general agreement that the nature of punishment changes through the historical transition from primitive or early tribal law to the development of modern legal systems. Early tribal law is also called primitive legal systems is linked to small homogeneous and undifferentiated societies. This paper will assume a period in mid 19th century (1840s- 1860s) and look into how matters of theft, infanticide and rioting would be dealt with as at that time based on evidence from similar cases handled during this period. It is worthwhile to note that the period quoted in this question refers to a time in which the children and adults were treated the same in judgment (Centre on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2006, p. 6). Case of Jack Martin VS Lord Master Man In this case Jack Martin, a 10 year-old boy is convicted of the theft of two rabbits from Lord Master Man's land.  According to law in the 19th century this case would have counted as Petty Larceny especially if the value of the rabbits did not exceed a shilling. Also, it might be expected that the value of rabbits would exceed one shilling and in that occasion, this case would be counted as Grand Larceny. Either way, Jack would have a case to answer especially if evidence is sufficient. However, based on the case of Cooper Vs Walker, 1851, another consideration may arise. This case of Cooper Vs Walker relates to a market gardener of Beeston, Robert Cooper, an agricultural laborer John Walker and the theft of some onions. The census statistics of 1851 for Girt-ford near Sandy shows John Walker then a boy of 10 years old living with his parents William and Mary. John was the youngest of the four children, Thomas (15) Daniel (13) and Sarah (12). Records shows John to had been laborer at this age opposed to what would have been expected of him being a pupil. In 1861 however John had been accused of assault but was released after two months of imprisonment. He seems to have been set fair for a life of crime and indeed between September 1861 and March 1874 he had 14 convictions for petty offences (Victorian Crime and Punishment 2006, p. 18) There was noticeable difference however between Robert Cooper and John's family. The census statistics of 1871 for Beeston, also near Sandy, shows Robert to have been a young man of 27 years living with his 24 year old wife, Elizabeth and their three young children John (4), Charles (3) and Maud, a year old. The Coopers were rich enough to employ a living-in servant Jane Martin. They had wealth generated from their market gardening activities which were plasticized on a piece of 43 acres of land. On 13th September 1873 it is reported that as Cooper was sitting near the hedge bordering one of his fields where there were heaps of onions lying in the field, he watched as John Walker who, until the previous day had worked for him pick onions from these heaps . Walker picked about a peck from every heap and then smoothened out the heap so as to conceal the disturbance. He then used a sack to carry the stolen onions. This

Distance education Essay Example for Free

Distance education Essay Distance education dates back to at least as early as 1728 when an advertisement in the Boston Gazette promoted Caleb Phillips, Teacher of the new method of Short Hand, who sought students who wanted to learn through weekly mailed lessons. Similarly, Isaac Pitman taught shorthand in Great Britain via correspondence in the 1840s. Distance education has a long history, but its popularity and use has grown exponentially as more advanced technology has become available. By 2008, online learning programs were available in the United States in 44 states at the K-12 level. Definition Education where teachers and students are separated in both place and time. They communicate at times of their own choosing by exchanging printed or electronic media, or through technology that allows them to communicate in real time or through other online ways. Advantages Distance Education does not require commuting, saving money otherwise spent on travel back and forth to school. Convenience and flexibility. You complete classes at your convenience. Accessibility. Live and study from anywhere while pursuing education of your choice. Online classes address accessibility issues that some people with limited mobility encounter. Self-paced learning. Individualized Instruction. Vast resources readily available through the internet which are relatively inexpensive. Potential. The opportunities for distance education have exploded with the increased use of the internet. Many degrees are available through distance learning including high school, college and post graduate programs. Cost. Distance education is considerably cheaper than attending a traditional college. Key players in Distance Education Students Faculty Facilitators Support staff Administrators Interaction and Technology in Distance Education Interaction is an important component of any learning experience. One of the most important factors relating to distance learning is the element of interaction as its much different of an environment in a traditional classroom than what occurs in distance learning. Learner Content LearnerInstructor LearnerLearner LearnerTechnology Synchronous vs Asynchronous Interaction In distance Education most interaction done Asynchronously; interaction between them is delayed. One good example is a teacher may deliver the video instruction via email and the learner may respond in a later time. Synchronous interaction like in traditional classes where learners and instructors interact real time: you talk I immediately respond. This could be achieved in distance learning as when computer conferences are held at pre-established times via chat technologies. Distance Education Technologies The various technologies used in distance learning can be roughly divided into four categories, However many of these technologies could overlap into more than one category. Print Technology The original form of Distance Education was correspondence courses, in which print material was mailed to students and returned to the teachers through the postal system. The University of London was the first university to offer distance learning degrees through correspondence, establishing its External Programme in 1858. This program is now known as the University of London International Programmes and includes Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Diploma degrees created by colleges such as the London School of Economics, Royal Holloway and Goldsmiths. In the United States William Rainey Harper, first president of the University of Chicago developed the concept of extended education, whereby the research university had satellite colleges of education in the wider community. In 1892 he also encouraged the concept of correspondence school courses to further promote education, an idea that was put into practice by Columbia University Computer Technology Computer based technology includes email, online collaborations and web-based education as a means of delivering distance learning. The widespread use of computers and the internet have made distance learning easier and faster, and today virtual schools and virtual universities deliver full curricula online. In 1996 Jones International University was launched and claims to be the first fully online university accredited by a regional accrediting association in the US. Video Technology Video techniques often used for distance learning include videotapes, satellites, television cables, and computers offer opportunities for behavior modeling, demonstrations and instruction of abstract concept. Audio technology Offer cost effective ways to enhance distance learning courses. It can be as simple as a telephone with voicemail or it can be as complex as an audio conference with microphones and speakers. The very rapid spread of radio in the United States in the 1930s led to proposals to use it for distance education. By 1938, at least 200 city school systems, 25 state boards of education, and many colleges and universities broadcast educational programs for the public schools. One line of thought was to use radio as a master teacher. Experts in given fields broadcast lessons for pupils within the many schoolrooms of the public school system, asking questions, suggesting readings, making assignments, and conducting tests. This mechanizes education and leaves the local teacher only the tasks of preparing for the broadcast and keeping order in the classroom. Research and Distance Education The University of the Philippines Open University (U. P. O. U.) is a public distance learning institution and research university that provides quality higher and continuing education to Filipinos through the distance education system. Melinda dela Pena-Bandalaria (2007) in her article on Impact of ICT’s on open and distance learning in a Developing Country setting: The Philippine Experience, pointed out the distance education in the Philippines has undergone four general stages or generations. It also includes how quality of education is ensured in a technology-driven system of teaching and learning.